shear modulus (G-modulus)

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Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape when the deformation is removed by a released load. Elasticity is typically measured by the Young's modulus, which expresses the relationship between stress and strain. Materials with high elasticity, such as rubber, can return to their original shape even after high stress or deformation without compromising their mechanical properties.

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Impact strength describes the ability of a material to withstand impact loads or sudden forces without breaking or permanently deforming. It is usually determined using test methods such as the Charpy or Izod impact test, in which the energy that a material absorbs at break is measured. In the manufacturing industry, impact strength is decisive for the selection of materials in safety-relevant applications, such as vehicle components or machine components that are exposed to high mechanical loads. High impact strength ensures the reliability and durability of products under changing load conditions, which helps to reduce failures and increase safety.

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Plasticity is the property of a material that occurs when the material can be permanently deformed under load and does not return to its original shape. Plastic deformation always occurs when the elastic limit of the material is exceeded. Typical materials that are very plastic are copper and aluminum, for example, as they are very easy to shape and bend. The more plastic a material is, the better its formability in general, and it is then particularly suitable for forming by forging, rolling or deep drawing.

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Resilience is the ability of a material to withstand stresses such as external forces or loads without failure. This property is of central importance in the manufacture and design of components, particularly in construction and mechanical engineering. The load limit of a material/component can be determined using various tests. The load limit varies depending on the physical properties of the material or the condition and processing of the component. A high load-bearing capacity is particularly important for safety and durability.

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Stiffness describes the property that a material can resist permanent deformation even under load. This is determined, for example, by the modulus of elasticity or G-modulus. Stiffness is an important indicator of the stability and functionality of components, as materials with a high stiffness retain their original shape even under heavy loads.