modulus of elasticity (E-modulus)

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Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape when the deformation is removed by a released load. Elasticity is typically measured by the Young's modulus, which expresses the relationship between stress and strain. Materials with high elasticity, such as rubber, can return to their original shape even after high stress or deformation without compromising their mechanical properties.

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Stiffness describes the property that a material can resist permanent deformation even under load. This is determined, for example, by the modulus of elasticity or G-modulus. Stiffness is an important indicator of the stability and functionality of components, as materials with a high stiffness retain their original shape even under heavy loads.

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Impact strength describes the ability of a material to withstand impact loads or sudden forces without breaking or permanently deforming. It is usually determined using test methods such as the Charpy or Izod impact test, in which the energy that a material absorbs at break is measured. In the manufacturing industry, impact strength is decisive for the selection of materials in safety-relevant applications, such as vehicle components or machine components that are exposed to high mechanical loads. High impact strength ensures the reliability and durability of products under changing load conditions, which helps to reduce failures and increase safety.

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Fluidity describes the ability of a material to deform or flow under certain conditions. In the manufacturing industry, flowability is crucial for processes such as casting, injection molding and extrusion, as it influences the formability and surface quality of the end product. High flowability allows the material to be evenly distributed in complex shapes and reduces the occurrence of defects such as shrinkage cavities or cracks. From an academic point of view, flowability depends on factors such as temperature, viscosity and shear stress. In practice, optimizing flowability is essential to ensure efficient production processes, enable material savings and maximize product quality, which ultimately strengthens a company's competitiveness.

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Magnetizability describes the ability of a material to develop its own magnetic properties under the influence of an external magnetic field. Materials such as iron, nickel and cobalt, some of which retain their magnetic properties even after the external magnetic field has been removed, are particularly suitable for this process. The magnetizability of a material is characterized by its permeability. High magnetizability makes materials particularly interesting for electrical engineering or magnetic bearings.