Materials

S235JR | 1.0038

S235JR / 1.0038 is an unalloyed structural steel.
Due to its excellent weldability, it is the preferred choice for welded structures, commonly used in construction, mechanical engineering and structural steelwork.
The material also offers good cold and hot formability.
Because of moderate corrosion resistance, a protective coating (galvanizing or painting) is recommended for applications in corrosive environments.

Materials

Standards and Designations

Steel designation	DIN EN	Material no.	UNS
S235JR	10025-2	1.0038	K01500

Materials

Chemical Composition

%	C	Mn	P	S	N	Cu
min.	-	-	-	-	-	-
max.	0,17	1,4	0,035	0,035	0,012	0,55

Materials

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Corrosion resistance	Workability	Forgeability	Weldability	Machinability
★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	★★☆

Density kg/dm³	Electrical resistivity Ω mm²/m	Thermal conductivity W/m K	Magnetism
7,85	0,15	54	★★★

Specific heat capacity J/kg K	Melting point °C	Elastic modulus kN/mm²
461	1420 - 1460	212

Hardness HB	Tensile strength MPa	Yield strength MPa (≤16mm)	Elongation % (depending on thickness)	Impact energy J
120	360 - 510	≥ 235	20 - 25	27

Bending	Compression	Deep drawing	Upsetting	Extrusion
★★☆	★★★	★★★	★★☆	★★★

Annealing	Hot forming	Closed-die forging	Open-die forging
650°C - 700°C	850°C and 1050°C	★★☆	★★☆

Hot-dip galvanizing	Painting	Powder coating
★★★	★★☆	★★☆

Materials

S235JR — Details

Detail

Weldability

S235JR offers excellent weldability and can be welded with all standard welding processes. This makes it suitable for a wide range of applications. Preheating is usually not required and the risk of cracking is very low. Weld seams can be machined after welding and the steel retains good surface quality.

Detail

Machining

With its moderate hardness, S235JR is not overly hard and is easy to machine. Standard HSS or carbide tools are suitable. Tool wear with carbide can be reduced by optimising cutting parameters (e.g. cutting speeds in the range of 80 to 180 m/min) and by using cutting fluids. Coolants also reduce friction and improve surface finish.

Detail

Forgeability

S235JR has good forgeability. The recommended forging temperature range is 1050°C to 1250°C. The material is also well suited for subsequent processes such as machining, drilling, milling and welding. Although S235JR is generally resistant to cracking, proper temperatures should be maintained and rapid cooling avoided.

Detail

Magnetism

Because the steel is primarily iron, S235JR is strongly ferromagnetic and therefore magnetic. The ferromagnetic properties remain after processing.

Detail

Corrosion resistance

The material has moderate corrosion resistance. If left untreated in outdoor or aggressive environments, S235JR is prone to rust. A common method to increase corrosion protection is hot-dip galvanizing, which applies a zinc coating to the surface. For environments with higher corrosion risk, stainless or higher-alloy steels are recommended.