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Weldability
C45 generally has poor weldability. If welding is required, careful control of welding parameters is necessary for satisfactory results. Preheating the material to 200–300°C is recommended to reduce the risk of cracking by slowing the cooling rate and limiting formation of brittle microstructures and residual stresses. A stress-relief anneal at about 550–650°C can be performed after welding to reduce remaining stresses.
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Machining
C45 offers very good machinability. Carbide tools work well. Typical cutting speeds range between 120 and 200 m/min. Use of cutting fluids is recommended to reduce heat generation during machining.
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Forgeability
The steel has excellent forgeability. Optimal forging temperatures are between 850°C and 1050°C. To avoid internal stresses and cracks, parts should be cooled slowly after forging. Afterwards C45 can be further processed by turning, milling, drilling and grinding.
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Magnetic properties
C45 exhibits strong magnetic properties which are retained after machining.
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Corrosion resistance
Untreated C45 is susceptible to corrosion. Galvanizing is a common protection method, applying a zinc coating to the surface. Without appropriate protection the steel will corrode rapidly in continuously wet outdoor environments and is therefore better suited to indoor or protected applications.
