Yield strength

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The tensile strength describes the load-bearing capacity of a material until it breaks under tensile stress. In so-called tensile tests, the material is tested for tensile strength by stretching it until a break becomes apparent. The tensile strength is an important parameter for determining the resistance of the material under certain influences. It is measured in pascals (Pa) or megapascals (MPa).

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Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape when the deformation is removed by a released load. Elasticity is typically measured by the Young's modulus, which expresses the relationship between stress and strain. Materials with high elasticity, such as rubber, can return to their original shape even after high stress or deformation without compromising their mechanical properties.

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Similar to resilience, strength is a measurement that describes the resistance to external stresses or forces. Strength can be determined using various parameters such as tensile strength or shear strength. Strength depends, among other things, on the chemical composition and manufacturing process.

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Hardness significantly influences the wear resistance and durability of materials and describes the ability of a material to protect itself from the penetration of another body and thus to resist permanent plastic deformation. In order to measure the resistance to external influences such as scratches or abrasion, the indentation or scratch hardness is usually determined. In particular, materials with a strong internal structure such as diamond have a high hardness.

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Plasticity is the property of a material that occurs when the material can be permanently deformed under load and does not return to its original shape. Plastic deformation always occurs when the elastic limit of the material is exceeded. Typical materials that are very plastic are copper and aluminum, for example, as they are very easy to shape and bend. The more plastic a material is, the better its formability in general, and it is then particularly suitable for forming by forging, rolling or deep drawing.